A Biological Basis for Expected and Non-expected Utility
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A Biological Basis for Expected and Non-expected Utility
A biological model is developed here to determine the fittest attitude to risk. With a fixed environment, the type maximizing expected offspring is selected. This yields the expected utility theorem when translated into a criterion for evaluating gambles over commodities. With a random environment, however, the type selected is strictly less averse to idiosyncratic risk than to risk which is co...
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The expected utility/subjective probability model of risk preferences and beliefs has long been the preeminent model of individual choice under conditions of uncertainty. It exhibits a tremendous flexibility in representing aspects of attitudes toward risk, has a well-developed analytical structure, and has been applied to the analysis of gambling, games of strategy, incomplete information, ins...
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Evidence from the lab and the field shows that most people exhibit substantial risk aversion over stakes of hundreds of dollars. Expected utility cannot capture nonnegligible risk aversion over such small stakes without producing implausible risk aversion over large stakes, and under the reduction of compound lotteries axiom, neither can nonexpected utility preferences. Motivated by experimenta...
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Rabin [23] proved that a low level of risk aversion with respect to small gambles leads to a high level of risk aversion with respect to large gambles. Rabin’s arguments strongly depend on expected utility theory, but we show in this paper that similar arguments apply to many non expected utility theories, and to a certain extent, to theories dealing with uncertainty as well.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Economic Theory
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0022-0531
DOI: 10.1006/jeth.1996.0023